Carbohydrates are used as structural materials, transportable forms of energy, or storage forms of energy. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Included in the carbohydrate are monosaccharaides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Polymer: Polysaccharides; Monomer: Sugar (not table sugar, but sugar as in 5 or 6 carbon sugar).
Lipids are hydrocarbons used as energy stores, structural materials, and signaling molecules. They consist of fats (1-3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol unit), phospholipids, sterols (lipids with no fatty acids, have a backbone of four fused-together carbon rings), and waxes (long chain fatty acids tightly packed and linked to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings). Monomer and polymer: there are lots of different lipids: Triglycerides, Cholesterols, etc. They are different in their structure.
Proteins function in nutrition, transportation, and signaling. They are made up of amino acids (consists of amino group, carbohydrate group, hydrogen atom, and R group). Polypeptide bonds form between amino acids to form polypeptide chains. Amino acid sequence is primary protein structure. The secondary structure is the bonding pattern of the amino acids (example: helix). The ordinal structure consists of the domain, where the sheets or helixes fold on each other and become stable. The multiple structure consists of several polypeptide chains that form advanced proteins such as human leukocyte antigens. Polymer: Polypeptides; Monomer: Amino Acid
Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides (sugar, one phosphate group, N-containing base). The different nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, and they are used in storage and retrieval of heritable information. Monomer and polymer: They all have an Amine Group and Carboxylic Acid group. But side chains are different. 20 of them.
